The male prostate is a small gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. A prostate gland is approximately the size and shape of a walnut to small kiwi. This gland has the responsibility of producing the protective and nourishing fluid that travels with the sperm in semen.
As men age the potential of abnormal enlargement and cancer increase dramatically. Prostate cancer the the second highest type of cancer diagnosed in men. As a result men are encouraged to have prostate screening done after 40 years old. The screening consists of a blood test called a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and a digital rectal exam in which the provider inserts a finger in the rectum to physically feel the prostate gland. In the event there is an abnormal result, it may be recommended that a prostate biopsy be performed.
Common reasons for a prostate biopsy are that the PSA test value is outside of the range established for the specific age group or findings of lumps or other enlargement of the prostate at the time of a digital exam. These are things of concern and possible indicators for cancer which merit closer attention and further follow up. The results of the testing which lead the physician to request additional testing is something to be discussed openly.
The prostate biopsy is performed by a urologist, a specialist of the urinary tract system and male sex organs. During a biopsy of the prostate, a very fine needle is used to gather several samples of tissue from multiple areas of the prostate for this reason the procedure is often referred to as a needle core biopsy as well.
Once the biopsy samples have been obtained, they are then presented to a pathologist to evaluate the tissue and determine the presence of cancerous cells. It is important to understand it is possible to have a negative pathology finding and still have cancer, this simply means that portion of the prostate holding the diseased tissue was not part of the sampling.
For those individuals who previously had an elevated PSA test with a negative biopsy, the provider may require another needle core biopsy in follow up.
While there are many variables to the testing, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, it is extremely important to follow the guidelines and treatment plan accessed by your provider. Early detection of prostate cancer saves lives.